论文目录 | |
| 摘要 | 第1-7页 |
| ABSTRACT | 第7-11页 |
| Chapter One INTRODUCTION | 第11-17页 |
| 1.1 Research Background | 第11-13页 |
| 1.2 Research Purpose and Content | 第13-14页 |
| 1.3 Research Significance | 第14-17页 |
| Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW | 第17-27页 |
| 2.1 Research Status and Tendency Overseas | 第17-20页 |
| 2.2 Research Status and Tendency Inland | 第20-27页 |
| 2.2.1 Research of Washback Effect to English Tests | 第20-23页 |
| 2.2.2 Research of Washback Effect of PRETCO | 第23-27页 |
| Chapter Three AN INTRODUCTION TO PRETCO AND WASHBACK ANDTHEORETICAL EVIDENCE | 第27-45页 |
| 3.1 An Introduction to PRECTO | 第27-35页 |
| 3.1.1 The Development Process of English Test | 第27-28页 |
| 3.1.2 Background of Implementing PRETCO | 第28-30页 |
| 3.1.3 Analysis of PRETCO | 第30-35页 |
| 3.2 An Introduction to Washback | 第35-40页 |
| 3.2.1 Definition of Washback and Related Concepts | 第35-37页 |
| 3.2.2 The Distinction between Washback Effect and Impact | 第37-38页 |
| 3.2.3 Relevant Properties of Washback Effect | 第38-40页 |
| 3.3 The Mechanism of Washback Effect | 第40-45页 |
| 3.3.1 Hughes's Trichotomy Washback PPP Model | 第40-41页 |
| 3.3.2 Alderson and Wall's 15 Washback Hypotheses | 第41-42页 |
| 3.3.3 Bailey's Basic Model of Washback | 第42-43页 |
| 3.3.4 Shih's Washback Model of Students' Learning | 第43-45页 |
| Chapter Four RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATAANALYSIS | 第45-64页 |
| 4.1 Research Procedure | 第45页 |
| 4.2 Research Methodology | 第45-49页 |
| 4.2.1 Documentary Analysis | 第46页 |
| 4.2.2 Observation | 第46-47页 |
| 4.2.3 Interview | 第47页 |
| 4.2.4 Questionnaire Survey | 第47-49页 |
| 4.3 Data Analysis | 第49-64页 |
| 4.3.1 Analysis on Students'Questionnaire | 第49-58页 |
| 4.3.2 Analysis on Teachers' Interview | 第58-62页 |
| 4.3.3 Analysis on Classroom Observation | 第62-64页 |
| Chapter Five REASEARCH CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS | 第64-78页 |
| 5.1 Different Effects Imposed by PRETCO A to Teaching and Learning | 第64-68页 |
| 5.1.1 Different Effects Imposed by PRETCO A to Teaching | 第64-67页 |
| 5.1.2 Different Effects Imposed by PRETCO A to Learning | 第67-68页 |
| 5.2 Washback Effect of PRETCO A to Teachers and Students | 第68-73页 |
| 5.2.1 Washback Effect of PRETCO A to Teachers | 第68-70页 |
| 5.2.2 Washback Effect of PRETCO A to Students | 第70-73页 |
| 5.3 Implications | 第73-78页 |
| 5.3.1 Implications to Test Itself | 第73-74页 |
| 5.3.2 Implications to Teachers | 第74-75页 |
| 5.3.3 Implications to Students | 第75-78页 |
| LIMITATION | 第78-79页 |
| REFERENCES | 第79-83页 |
| APPENDIX Ⅰ | 第83-85页 |
| APPENDIX Ⅱ | 第85-87页 |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 第87页 |
